• Pre-screening
• Skill and technique
• Physical fitness
• Warm up, stretching and cool down

Pre-screening

• Assessment of health and clinical parameters prior training.
• Helps in determining whether an athlete has any existing medical issues that could affect training.
• Reports generated from pre-screening tests can be useful while creating practice routines and identify which training methods will work best for an athlete.
• Pre-screening is also effective to know the limits of the athlete in terms of physical activities.
• Examples: Vertical jump height, 100m sprint time, Horizontal jump length, Beep test scores.

Skill and Technique

• Set of tasks carried out in a sequence that suit a performance or activity.
• Skills and techniques are acquired, developed and improved with practice.
• A skilled athlete has multiple tricks up his sleeve to execute an activity with near perfection, having a high degree of temporal patterning, pacing (timed movements) and control over every step.
• Skilled athletes are less prone to injury.

Physical Fitness

• Overall physical state of an athlete prior performance. Should be maintained to achieve maximum results during performance.
• Fitness routines and assessment parameters are specific to the type of sports.
• A physically fit athlete has less possibilities of enduring severe injury.

Warm up, Stretching and Cool Down

• Warm-up sessions are conducted to give athletes a minor head start for major training reps that follow throughout the routine.
• Includes activities that involve light body movements (burpees, jogging) but can raise and increase body temperature and stimulate the cardiorespiratory system.
• Stretching muscles till length limits help increase elasticity and flexibility and prevent stress injuries.
• Stretching routines can include static stretches (held down for 30 seconds) followed by consecutive isometric contractions and relaxations in the lengthened position.
• A cool down session follows a warm up session as a window for recovery.
• Cool down sessions last for 10-15 minutes.
• The goal on complementary warm up and cool down sessions is to minimise stiffness, soreness and disperse lactic acid.